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福建是一个多山的省份:北、西、南三面分别有仙霞、武夷、博平等山脉,蜿蜒边境,构成与邻省的屏障;中间有鹫峰、戴云等山脉,从东北至西南贯穿腹地,绵延全省。境内山岭耸峙,丘陵起伏,溪河纵横,古人谓“山重复而险阻,水汛急而浅涩”,称之“东南山国”,历史上交通十分艰难。 民国时期出版的《道路月刊》曾这样描述福建:
Fujian is a mountainous province. There are Xianxia, Wuyi and Boven mountains on the three sides of north, west and south, meandering the border and forming a barrier with the neighboring provinces. There are Jiufeng and Daiyun mountains in the middle, ranging from northeast to southwest Throughout the hinterland, stretches the province. The territory of the mountains upright, hilly, vertical and horizontal river, the ancients that “the mountain repeated and dangerous, urgent and shallow water astringent,” called “southeast of the mountains,” the history of traffic is very difficult. The “Road Monthly” published by the Republic of China described Fujian as follows: