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基于对传统收入贫困理论缺陷的反思,阿玛蒂亚·森提出了能力贫困理论,其核心观点聚焦于可行能力的被剥夺。作为能力精准扶贫的关键基础,能力贫困理论对扶贫的根本目标、根本途径以及实施困境进行了系统阐述。在世界反贫困进程中,不仅国际组织和典型国家对其进行了创新性的实践应用,同时它对我国新时期精准扶贫路径的探索也具有重要的价值启示:一是在精准识别的基础上既要发挥反贫困的安全网作用,又要注重贫困者的能力扶贫;二是重视贫困者个性化的可行能力需求,实现项目扶持的精准化;三是激发贫困者参与贫困治理的主体性,实现脱贫考核的精准化。
Based on the reflection on the theoretical defects of traditional income poverty, Amartya Sen put forward the theory of ability poverty and its core view focuses on the deprivation of viability. As the key foundation for precision poverty alleviation, capacity poverty theory systematically expounds on the fundamental goal of poverty alleviation, fundamental ways and implementation difficulties. In the process of anti-poverty in the world, not only have international organizations and typical countries carried out innovative practical applications, but also have important enlightenment on the exploration of our country’s path of precise poverty alleviation in the new era: First, on the basis of precise identification, both We must give full play to the role of safety net against poverty and pay attention to the ability of the poor to help alleviate poverty. We must attach importance to the individual viability needs of the poor to achieve project support and precision. Third, stimulate the poor to participate in the subjectivity of poor governance and achieve Out of poverty assessment of the precision.