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高中《中国近代现代史》教材在谈及鸦片战争中广州附近三元里人民的抗英斗争时,认为这场斗争“显示了中国人民的反侵略精神”。一些权威资料也认为“三元里抗英,是中国人民自发反抗外国资本主义侵略的第一场战斗”;“第一次显示了只有在广大人民中存在着反对外国资本主义侵略的力量”。似乎已成定论:三元里斗争是保卫祖国,反抗侵略的行为。但也有不少学者认为这种看法有悖于史实。本文试从以下三个方面谈一些粗浅的看法。一、从斗争的起因来看,三元里等地民众进行的是一次保卫家园的战斗,并不是投身于一场保卫祖国的战争。有不少论著认为,是“1841年5月27日《广州和约》的订立,激起了人民的武装反抗”。事实上,据各种文献记载,三元里等地民众奋起抗英,直接原因有三:一是英军开棺暴尸;二是劫掠财物;三是戏辱妇女。广州沦陷的第二天,英军在广州城外大肆掠夺,并打开郊外双山寺存放着的一些外籍人权厝的棺榇,观看尸首。依据中国的传统观念与风俗习惯,乃是大不敬的行为,只有禽兽才做得出来,中国人民淳朴的孝心,决不能容忍死去多年的祖宗受人骚扰,不得安宁。更有甚者,英军闯入
When discussing the anti-British struggle of the people in Sanyuanli near Guangzhou in the Opium War, the textbook of “Modern Chinese Modern History” in high school held that this struggle “shows the Chinese people’s anti-aggression spirit.” Some authoritative sources also believe that “fighting against Britain in Sanyuanli is the first battle of the Chinese people in their spontaneous resistance against foreign capitalist aggression.” For the first time, it shows that only if there is a general anti-foreign capitalist aggression among the broad masses of people power“. Seems to be a definite conclusion: The struggle in Sanyuanli is an act of defending the motherland and resisting aggression. However, many scholars think that this view runs counter to historical facts. This article tries to talk about some superficial opinions from the following three aspects. First, from the perspective of the struggle, people in Sanyuanli and other places conducted a battle to defend their homeland and did not devote themselves to a war to defend the motherland. There are many treatises that are ”the conclusion of the“ Guangzhou Peace Treaty ”on May 27, 1841, and aroused the people’s armed resistance." In fact, according to various literatures, the people in Sanyuanli and other places have risen up to fight against the British for three reasons: first, the British opened a cadaveric corpse; second, they looted property; and third, they insult women. The day after the fall of Canton, the British troops plundered the city outside Guangzhou and opened the coffin of some foreign human rights houses housed in the Shishan Temple on the outskirts to watch the corpse. According to China’s traditional concepts and customs, it is an act of disrespect. Only beasts can make it. The simple filial piety of the Chinese people can never tolerate the harassment of the ancestors who have died for years and will not tolerate peace. What is more, the British intruded