在2007年全国人大将刑事被害人国家救助法列入预备立法项目后,学界对如何建立国家救助制度展开了激烈的讨论。本文从如何建立科学合理的国家救助制度出发,阐述了建立国家救助基金的可行性和合理性,主要从历史发展和实践经验方面进行了归纳总结,重点阐述了建立国家救助基金的依据,基金的来源和管理方式,救助对象,以及被害人及其近亲属申请基金救助的程序。 After the National People’s Congress included the National Salvage Law on Criminal Victims in the preparatory legislative project in 2007, the academic circles started a fierce discussion on how to establish a state aid system. Based on how to set up a scientific and reasonable state aid system, this article elaborates the feasibility and rationality of establishing a state aid fund. It mainly summarizes the historical development and practical experience, and elaborates on the basis of establishing a national aid fund. Source and mode of administration, recipients of assistance and procedures for victims and their close relatives to apply for fund relief.