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地球演化的新构造(最新、晚新生代、晚第三纪一第四纪)阶段与以前地质时代不同,它更有可能供人们对构造过程进行研究。因而最新构造事件是建立和检验构造理论的最合适对象。近年来,新构造的研究表明,在板块相互作用下发生的破坏和变形,不仅包括它们的边界,而且也远离边界。它们形成的活动带宽达几百公里(阿尔卑斯—亚洲造山带,北美西部活动带)。换句话说,相互作用的板块不完全是刚性体。多次跳跃式的边界迁移现在不仅在板块离散区有显示,而且在板块汇聚区和彼此相对移动的地区出现。例如,印度板块的北界自晚始新世以来向北移动了350公里,而阿拉伯板块的北界自晚中新世以来可能向北移动了300公里。由于边界带是从属于原来单独存在的或加入另一个板块的相互作用的板内断块中的一个,所以位移是通过原有边界带的消亡和新边界带的产生进行的。岩石圈板块概念本身也在变化。新构造研究结果发现了岩石圈各层之间有动力学、运动学和构造上的不协调。相对位移和变形集中在一些独立的带内,即在透镜状的软流层内。后
The new tectonic evolution of the Earth (newest, Late Cenozoic, Late Tertiary and Quaternary) is different from previous geologic age and is more likely to be used to study the tectonic process. Therefore, the latest tectonic event is the most suitable object to establish and test the tectonic theory. In recent years, newly constructed studies have shown that the damage and deformation that occur under the interaction of plates not only include their boundaries, but also away from the boundaries. They form hundreds of kilometers of activity (the Alps-Asia orogen, the western North American belt). In other words, the interacting plates are not exactly rigid bodies. Multi-jump boundary migration now appears not only in the discrete sections of the plate, but also in areas where the plates converge and move relative to each other. For example, the northern boundary of the Indian plate moved 350 km northward since the Late Pliocene, while the northern boundary of the Arabian plate may have moved northward 300 km since the Late Miocene. Since the boundary zone is subordinate to one of the inter-plate fault blocks originally existing alone or added to the interaction of another plate, displacement is caused by the extinction of the original boundary band and the generation of a new boundary band. The concept of lithosphere plate itself is also changing. The new tectonic study found that there are dynamics, kinematics and structural incongruities between the lithosphere layers. The relative displacements and deformations are concentrated in a few separate bands, ie within the lenticular asthenosphere. Rear