目的监测宝鸡市农村饮水水质卫生及土壤重金属污染状况,评价农村饮用水的动态变化及状况,为政府决策提供依据。方法 2011—2015年,分别对宝鸡市的眉县、岐山、陇县3农村饮水及土壤进行布点、采样、测定和评价。结果 5年间共采集和检测水样1 080份,土壤260份。连续监测显示,水质的总合格率为88.43%。1不同年度水样的合格率间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);2枯水期水样合格率为(91.30%,493/540)高于丰水期(85.56%,462/540)的合格率,两者差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);3出厂水的水样合格率(91.11%,471/518)高于末梢水(85.94%,483/562)的合格率,两者差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。土壤检测显示,260份达一级、二级的土壤占69.23%(180/260),高于二级标准的占30.77%(80/260)。土壤中铅、镉含量全部符合二级标准,其中镉含量达到二级标准的占69.23%(180/260),三级的占26.92%(70/260)、超三级的占3.85%(10/260)。结论宝鸡市农村饮水多数工程点未进行水净化消毒处理,微生物超标较为严重;农田土壤总体已受到重金属污染。严格控制“三废”排放,合理使用有机肥和农药,配备水净化消毒设施,加强水源保护,维护农村居民健康。 Objective To monitor the drinking water hygiene and soil heavy metal pollution in rural areas of Baoji City, evaluate the dynamic changes and status of drinking water in rural areas and provide the basis for government decision-making. Methods From 2011 to 2015, the distribution of drinking water and soil in rural areas of Meixian, Qishan and Longxian in Baoji were measured, sampled, measured and evaluated. Results A total of 1,080 water samples and 260 soil samples were collected and tested during the five years. Continuous monitoring showed that the total qualified rate of water was 88.43%. (P <0.05). The passing rate of water samples in the dry season was 91.30%, 493/540, which was higher than that of the wet season (85.56%, 462/540) (P <0.05). The passing rate of water samples from the factory water (91.11%, 471/518) was higher than that of the peripheral water (85.94%, 483/562), and the difference between the two was statistically significant There was statistical significance (P <0.05). Soil testing showed that 260 secondary and tertiary soil accounted for 69.23% (180/260) and 30.77% (80/260) higher than Grade II soil. The content of lead and cadmium in soil all met Grade II standard, among which, the level of cadmium reached the second level standard accounting for 69.23% (180/260), the third level accounting for 26.92% (70/260) and the third level accounting for 3.85% (10 / 260). Conclusion Most of the drinking water projects in rural areas of Baoji City have not been treated with water purification and disinfection. The excessive microbial pollution is serious. The total amount of soil in the farmland has been contaminated by heavy metals. Strict control of “three wastes” emissions, the rational use of organic fertilizers and pesticides, equipped with water purification and disinfection facilities, strengthen water protection and safeguard the health of rural residents.