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无融合生殖是种子无性增殖的一种方法,它可为未来培育优良品种提供独特的机会。它不仪在某些栽培种中低频率地出现过,而且在许多栽培作物的近缘种中也可找到。本文旨在帮助育种者和遗传工作者如何识别无融合生殖并介绍怎样将其用于作物改良。将无融合生殖给重要的作物转移,有可能使纯一传代的杂种得到繁育,并使杂种的商品性生产无需使用胞质雄不育系,从而降低成本,减少花费劳力。专性无融合体杂种繁殖的种子都是纯一的,没有杂合型。无融合生殖还可为将多种基因结合成新的基因提供一种有效的方法。优良的专性无融合体基因型的性状是明确的,无需对其后代进行遗传稳定性的测定。无融合体杂种可简化杂种生产的程序。研究证明,有几种无融合生殖机理是受遗传控制的,所以在育种计划中是可以进行遗传操纵的。无融合生殖有如下一些特征:(1)来自杂合子 F_1或自由授粉亲本的后代表现是一致的;(2)杂种母型化;(3)非稳定性遗传型有高的结实力;(4)一小花多胚珠和每胚珠多实性是它的标记,这种标记有待研究。
Apomixis is a method of vegetative propagation of seeds that offers a unique opportunity to breed fine varieties in the future. It appears not only at low frequencies in some cultivars, but also in the closely related species of many cultivated crops. This article aims to help breeders and geneticists identify apomixis and introduce how to use them for crop improvement. The conversion of apomixis to important crops has the potential to breed purebred hybrids and eliminate the need for cytoplasmic male sterile lines for commercial production of hybrids, thereby reducing costs and reducing labor costs. Specialty non-fusion hybrid seed multiplication are pure, there is no heterozygous. Apomixis also provides an effective method for combining multiple genes into new genes. The trait of a good obligate apomixis genotype is clear without the need to test the genetic stability of its offspring. Non-fusion hybrids simplify the process of hybrid production. Research shows that there are several apomictic mechanisms that are genetically controlled and are therefore genetically manipulated in breeding programs. Apomixis has the following characteristics: (1) offspring from heterozygous F_1 or freely pollination parents show the same behavior; (2) hybrids are parentalized; (3) non-stable genotypes have high seed vigor; (4) ) One small flower of more ovules and more solid per ovule is its mark, and this mark is to be studied.