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单光子模式激光测高仪具有灵敏度高、重复频率高、重量轻、体积小等诸多优势,其代表着新一代天基激光雷达的未来发展趋势。对常见的高斯回波波形,基于激光雷达方程、单光子探测器统计特性,建立了单光子回波探测概率模型,基于该模型进一步推导了测距误差的量化关系式,并利用蒙特卡罗方法对所建模型进行了仿真验证。理论分析和仿真计算表明:回波脉宽越窄,测距的系统误差和随机误差越小;回波强度越大,测距的随机误差减小,但系统误差增大。以均方根脉宽为1.5ns的高斯回波为例,忽略噪声影响,当平均信号光子数为1时,单次测距系统误差约6cm,随机误差约22cm。
Single-photon mode laser altimeter with high sensitivity, high repetition frequency, light weight, small size and many other advantages, which represents a new generation of space-based lidar future development trend. Based on the statistical characteristics of Lidar detector and single photon detector, a single-photon echo probing probability model is established for common Gaussian echo waveforms. Based on this model, the quantitative relationship of ranging error is further deduced and the Monte Carlo method The model is verified by simulation. The theoretical analysis and simulation results show that the narrower the echo pulse width is, the smaller the system error and random error of ranging are. The larger the echo intensity is, the smaller the random error of ranging is, but the error of system increases. Taking the Gaussian echo whose root mean square pulse width is 1.5ns as an example, ignoring the influence of noise, when the average signal photon number is 1, the single-range system error is about 6cm and the random error is about 22cm.