对鲁迅和梁实秋的论战尤其是他们关于卢梭的论争,学界多从“人性论”与“阶级论”的对立加以解读。事实上,“阶级论”或者“革命学说”都是“自然人性论”在政治和经济学上的逻辑延伸,同时,梁实秋信奉的普遍人性论非常接近传统儒家道德人性论。因此,鲁、梁论战的激烈性和不可调和性在很大程度上体现出近代中国自然人性论与道德人性论的必然交锋。 The controversy over Lu Xun and Liang Shiqiu, especially their controversy over Rousseau, has been mostly interpreted by the academic circles from the contrast between “human nature” and “class theory.” In fact, both “class theory” and “revolutionary theory” are logical extensions of politics and economics in the “theory of natural human nature”. Meanwhile, the universal theory of humanity advocated by Liang Shih-chu is very close to the traditional Confucian theory of humanity and humanity. Therefore, the intense and irreconcilable controversy between Lu and Liang largely reflects the inevitable confrontation between the theory of natural human nature and the theory of moral humanity in modern China.