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目的探讨外环境中甲型H7N9流感病毒的消毒措施及效果评估,为甲型H7N9流感防控提供依据。方法采用RT-PCR法,对杭州市富阳区2014年的203份活禽流通外环境标本进行H7N9病毒核酸检测;按初步消毒、彻底清洁、终末消毒的步骤进行暴露点消毒处理,以消毒前后自然菌杀灭率≥90.0%为主要评判依据进行清洁效果评价;以大肠菌群和H7N9病毒核酸检测为辅助评判依据。结果 203份外环境标本甲型H7N9流感病毒核酸阳性率为30.0%,其中阳性病例相关家禽圈养点阳性率最高,为61.1%,城乡活禽市场阳性率次之,为51.9%;首次终末消毒后用自然菌杀灭合格率评价消毒效果,禽舍地面合格率未达到90.0%,禽笼具合格率未达100.0%。增强2个点位终末消毒、改进处置方式后结合清洁效果评价和大肠菌群杀灭率进行评估,证实消毒措施调整有效,消毒效果评价合格。结论甲型H7N9流感的外环境消毒应采用初步消毒、彻底清洁、终末消毒的处理步骤;消毒效果评价以消毒前后自然菌的杀灭率≥90.0%为主要评判依据,结合清洁效果评价、大肠菌群杀灭率和H7N9病毒核酸阴转率为辅助评判依据的综合评定法科学且实用。
Objective To investigate the disinfection measures and effectiveness evaluation of Influenza A (H7N9) virus in external environment and to provide basis for prevention and control of Influenza A (H7N9). Methods RT-PCR was used to detect H7N9 virus nucleic acid in 203 samples of live poultry in 2014 in Fuyang District, Hangzhou. According to the preliminary disinfection, thorough cleaning and terminal disinfection, Natural bacteria kill rate of ≥ 90.0% as the main basis for evaluation of the effectiveness of cleaning; colony and H7N9 virus nucleic acid detection as an adjunct judge. Results The positive rate of nucleic acid of influenza A (H7N9) virus in 203 samples was 30.0%. The highest positive rate was 61.1% in poultry in positive cases and 51.9% in live poultry in urban and rural areas. The first terminal disinfection After using natural bacteria to kill pass rate evaluation disinfection, birdhouse ground pass rate did not reach 90.0%, bird cage with a pass rate of less than 100.0%. Enhance the 2-point terminal disinfection, improve the treatment method combined with the cleaning effect evaluation and coliform elimination rate assessment, confirmed disinfection measures to adjust effective disinfection evaluation. Conclusion The disinfection of external environment of influenza A (H7N9) should be preliminarily disinfected, thoroughly cleaned and terminal disinfected. The evaluation of disinfecting effect is mainly based on 90.0% of natural bacteria before and after disinfection, combined with the evaluation of cleaning effect, Microbial kill rate and H7N9 virus nucleic acid negative rate of conversion as aided by a comprehensive assessment of the scientific assessment method based on scientific and practical.