论文部分内容阅读
ＯＰＵＳ（ＳｍｉｔｈａｎｄＫｎｉｓｅｌ１９８５）是一种用以描述土壤内部和土壤表面水流和物质流的自然定位模型。本文主要是对该模型进行有效性论证。ＯＰＵＳ提出时曾以ＣＲＥＡＭＳ２命名，但二者并不等同。这次研究中，从德国的一些流域获取了大量的数据，利用这些数据，对入渗子模型、壤中流子模型和蒸发子模型进行了校验。但由于模拟手段较为欠缺，地表径流和地表侵蚀尚未能证实。基础校验表明模型各因素的作用方式与期望值相同，尽管如此，还有必要进行进一步校验。该模型提供了许多参数，以便能很好地用于生产实践。ＯＰＵＳ提供了一种经验方法，它可通过土壤基本性质如粘粒分布和土壤有机质含量等，推导出模拟壤中流、水分滞留曲线和导水率曲线所必须的参数。推导出的参数与实验室测得的数据进行了校验。此外，模型的实用性和灵活性还在不同的实验点进行了检验。
OPUS (SmithandKnisel1985) is a natural orientation model used to describe water flow and material flow in and on soil surfaces. This article mainly validates the model. OPUS was named after CREAMS2, but the two are not the same. In this study, a large amount of data were obtained from some basins in Germany and used to verify the infiltration model, the subsoil flow model and the evaporation sub-model. However, due to the lack of simulation methods, surface runoff and surface erosion have not yet been confirmed. Basic tests show that each model of the model works in the same way as expected, but further verification is necessary. The model provides many parameters for good use in production practices. OPUS provides an empirical method that derives the parameters necessary to simulate flow, moisture retention, and hydraulic conductivity curves in soils based on basic soil properties such as clay distribution and soil organic matter content. The derived parameters were verified with laboratory measured data. In addition, the practicality and flexibility of the model were tested at different experimental points.