目的：探讨甲状腺球蛋白抗体（ＴＧＡ）、甲状腺微粒体抗体（ＭＣＡ）对甲状腺疾病的诊断价值。方法：体外放射免疫分析法（ＲＩＡ）。结果：桥本氏甲状腺炎患者ＴＧＡ、ＭＣＡ阳检率分别为７１７％、９４７％，甲亢患者ＴＧＡ、ＭＣＡ阳检率分别为３８２％、５２２％，原发性甲减患者ＴＧＡ、ＭＣＡ阳检率分别为３２％、４８％；ＭＣＡ阳检率明显高于ＴＧＡ，存在不匹配性；且ＴＧＡ、ＭＣＡ阳检率最高者均为桥本氏甲状腺炎，其次为甲亢，原发性甲减最低。结论：ＴＧＡ、ＭＣＡ有利于各种甲状腺疾病的诊断与鉴别诊断 Objective: To investigate the diagnostic value of thyroglobulin antibody (TGA) and thyroid microsomal antibody (MCA) in thyroid diseases. Methods: In vitro radioimmunoassay (RIA). Results: The positive rates of TGA and MCA in Hashimoto’s thyroiditis patients were 717% and 947%, respectively. The positive rates of TGA and MCA in hyperthyroid patients were 382% and 522%, respectively. The incidence of primary hypothyroidism The positive rate of TGA and MCA was 32% and 48% respectively. The positive rate of MCA was higher than that of TGA, and there was mismatch. The positive rate of TGA and MCA was Hashimoto’s thyroiditis, followed by hyperthyroidism, Hair hypothyroidism the lowest. Conclusion: TGA and MCA are good for the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of various thyroid diseases