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1881—1914年,大约15万东欧犹太移民落户英国,其数量远远超过了大约6万人的英国犹太原住民。面对这一情况,后者采取一系列措施,力图在尽可能短的时间内同化移民。他们实施同化措施的大体动机有二:其一是为了维护英国犹太族群的整体形象。其二是为了维护并推广英国犹太族群既有的管理体系,控制移民,使自己在新一轮族群整合中居于主导地位。他们为了达到同化目的而实施的策略,可以分为教育策略和组织策略。其中有些手段,特别是学校教育,已经在短期内收到了明显的效果。不过,总体来说,同化并非短期之功,而是需要几代人的时间才可能实现。另外,同化取决于多方面的因素,并不仅仅是原住民的努力。因此,本文只能就当时原住民同化移民的动机及手段略做分析,对于其整体效果则无法也不准备做出评判。
In 1881-1914, about 150,000 Eastern European Jewish settlers settled in the United Kingdom, far exceeding the number of Jewish indigenous peoples of about 60,000 in the United Kingdom. In the face of this situation, the latter adopted a series of measures to try to assimilate immigrants in the shortest possible time. There are two general motivations for their assimilation: One is to preserve the overall image of the British Jewish community. The second is to maintain and promote the existing management system of the Jewish community in Britain and to control immigration so that they will take the leading position in the new round of ethnic integration. Their strategies for assimilation purposes can be divided into educational strategies and organizational strategies. Some of these measures, especially school education, have already received obvious results in the short term. However, in general, assimilation is not a short-term success, but takes several generations to come. In addition, assimilation depends on a number of factors, not just indigenous efforts. Therefore, this article can only analyze the motives and means of assimilation of immigrants at that time, and can not and can not be judged for the overall effect.