目的　探讨小儿腹泻病预防滥用抗生素的方法、疗效及成本。方法　将小儿腹泻病病例分为未使用抗生素的治疗组和使用抗生素的对照组 ,比较两组的疗效及成本。结果　治疗组在痊愈时间、总病程等方面同对照组相比显著缩短 ,对照组有霉菌感染及药物性皮疹。对照组的药费、治疗费、床位费及总费用均高于治疗组。结论　小儿腹泻病治疗应预防抗生素的滥用 ,滥用抗生素可延长病程 ,产生药物副作用及增加病人的经济负担等。 Objective To explore the method, efficacy and cost of preventing abusing antibiotics in children with diarrhea. Methods The cases of infantile diarrhea were divided into treatment group without antibiotics and control group with antibiotics. The curative effect and cost of the two groups were compared. Results The treatment group in the recovery time, the total duration and other aspects of the control group was significantly shorter compared to the control group with fungal infections and drug-induced rash. Control group drug costs, treatment costs, bed costs and total costs were higher than the treatment group. Conclusion The treatment of children with diarrhea should prevent the abuse of antibiotics, abuse of antibiotics can prolong the course of the drug side effects and increase the patient’s financial burden.