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为探讨不同作物组合的种植模式对土壤肥力及经济效益的影响,寻找作物搭配合理、低投入高产出的套作模式。采用单因素随机区组试验,研究比较了4种套作模式(小麦/玉米/大豆、小麦/玉米/甘薯、小麦/高粱/大豆、马铃薯/玉米/大豆)的土壤肥力、产量及经济效益的差异。连续种植3年后,各种植模式的土壤养分含量基本维持或得到提升(速效钾除外)。甘薯茬口对全钾、速效钾消耗均较大,需适当提高钾肥用量。小麦/玉米/甘薯的总产量最高,小麦/玉米/大豆模式的大豆单产量最高,小麦的单产各模式无显著差异。不同模式收益表现为,小麦/玉米/大豆>马铃薯/玉米/大豆>小麦/玉米/甘薯>小麦/高粱/大豆;产投比表现为,小麦/玉米/大豆>马铃薯/玉米/大豆>小麦/玉米/甘薯>小麦/高粱/大豆。小麦/玉米/大豆收益为14196.41元/hm~2,产投比为3.69:1,均为所有模式中最高,加之大豆茬口可以活化土壤养分,是相对理想的套作模式。
In order to explore the effects of cropping patterns on soil fertility and economic benefits with different combinations of crops and to find a suitable cropping pattern with reasonable and low inputs and high yields. A one-factor randomized block trial was conducted to compare the soil fertility, yield and economic benefits of four intercropping patterns (wheat / corn / soybean, wheat / corn / sweet potato, wheat / sorghum / soybean, potato / corn / soybean) difference. After three years of continuous cropping, the soil nutrient content of each cropping pattern was basically maintained or improved (except available potassium). Sweet potatoes stubble on the total potassium, available potassium consumption are larger, need to be appropriate to increase the amount of potash. Wheat / corn / sweet potato had the highest total yield, wheat / corn / soybean had the highest yield of soybean, and no significant difference in yield per unit of wheat. The results of different models showed that the yield of wheat / corn / soybean> potato / corn / soybean> wheat / corn / sweet potato> wheat / sorghum / Corn / sweet potato> wheat / sorghum / soybean. The yield of wheat / corn / soybean was 14196.41 yuan / hm ~ 2, and the production / investment ratio was 3.69: 1, all of which were the highest in all models. In addition, soybean stubble could activate soil nutrients, which was a relatively ideal intercropping pattern.