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目的介绍脂肪组织来源的干细胞种类、分化潜能及在再生医学中的应用和优势。方法广泛查阅近年关于BMSCs、脂肪来源干细胞(adipose-derived stem cells,ADSCs)和去分化脂肪(dedifferentiated fat,DFAT)细胞的实验研究及临床研究文献,并进行整理、综合与分析。结果从脂肪基质成分可以分离得到ADSCs,ADSCs具有多向分化潜能,可分化为脂肪、骨、软骨、内皮、肌以及神经细胞等,并已较成功地应用于再生医学各领域。成熟脂肪细胞经过天花板培养法可以去分化为成纤维样细胞,即DFAT细胞,获得了多向分化潜能,也可以像ADSCs一样分化为脂肪、骨、软骨、内皮、肌以及神经细胞等。相比较目前常用的成体干细胞BMSCs,ADSCs、DFAT细胞来源广泛、取材更容易;而相对于ADSCs,DFAT细胞均一性高,增殖能力强。结论脂肪组织作为人体干细胞的重要来源,可能会给临床组织缺损的修复与再生带来新希望。
Objective To introduce adipose tissue-derived stem cell types, differentiation potential and their applications and advantages in regenerative medicine. Methods Extensively review the recent literatures on BMSCs, adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) and dedifferentiated fat (DFAT) cells in vitro and in vivo, and summarize, synthesize and analyze them. Results ADSCs could be isolated from adipose matrix components. ADSCs have multidirectional differentiation potential and can differentiate into adipose, bone, cartilage, endothelium, muscle and nerve cells. These ADSCs have been successfully applied to all fields of regenerative medicine. Mature adipocytes can be differentiated into fibroblast-like cells, that is, DFAT cells, through ceiling culture to obtain multidirectional differentiation potential. They can also differentiate into adipose, bone, cartilage, endothelium, muscle and nerve cells like ADSCs. Compared with ADSCs, ADSCs and DFAT cells are more widely sourced and easier to obtain. Compared with ADSCs, DFAT cells have high homogeneity and strong proliferative capacity. Conclusion As an important source of human stem cells, adipose tissue may bring new hope for the repair and regeneration of clinical tissue defects.