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伸长细胞是中枢神经系统中一种主要位于第三脑室底部腹侧壁和正中隆起处室管膜上的特殊分化的胶质细胞,在脑屏障系统、脑-脑脊液神经体液回路和神经-免疫-内分泌网络中起重要作用。伸长细胞在成年后仍然保持未成熟胶质细胞的特征,并且参与成年哺乳动物下丘脑内自然发生的轴突再生过程。大量研究表明,伸长细胞能够促进中枢神经元受损轴突的再生,有望成为用于脊髓损伤修复移植的种子细胞。本文复习近年来有关伸长细胞促进神经再生的报道,对伸长细胞的起源、分布、特性及促进中枢神经再生的可能机制进行综述。
Elongated cells are a specialized differentiated glial cell in the central nervous system that is located mainly at the ventral wall of the base of the third ventricle and the ependyma of the median bulge. In the brain barrier system, the cerebrospinal fluid neurohumoral circuit and neuro- - Endocrine network plays an important role. Elongated cells still retain the characteristics of immature glia in adulthood and are involved in axonal regeneration that occurs spontaneously in the hypothalamus of adult mammals. Numerous studies show that the elongation of cells can promote axonal regeneration of central neurons damaged, is expected to become a seed cell for spinal cord injury repair and transplantation. This review of the recent reports on the promotion of neuronal regeneration by elongating cells reviewed the origin, distribution and characteristics of the elongating cells and their possible mechanisms of promoting CNS regeneration.