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干扰素诱导的跨膜蛋白(Interferon-induced Transmembrane Proteins,IFITMs)是20世纪80年代发现的一种宿主限制因子蛋白,1996年发现该蛋白具有抗病毒作用,目前该蛋白的抗病毒作用及其作用机制已成为研究热点。研究表明IFITM能抑制多种病毒的复制,包括甲型流感病毒、人类免疫缺陷病毒-1、丙型肝炎病毒、埃博拉病毒和西尼罗病毒等。IFITM蛋白主要在病毒生命周期的早期,即病毒进入细胞质之前,发挥抑制病毒复制的作用。近来的研究表明,IFITM蛋白通过影响病毒包膜与内涵体膜的融合抑制病毒复制,但具体机制尚不明确。本文对IFITM的发现、结构、抗病毒作用以及潜在的作用机制进行了综述。
Interferon-induced Transmembrane Proteins (IFITMs) is a host restriction protein discovered in the 1980s. The protein was found to have antiviral activity in 1996. At present, the anti-viral effect of the protein and its effect Mechanism has become a research hotspot. Studies have shown that IFITM can inhibit the replication of a variety of viruses, including influenza A, human immunodeficiency virus-1, hepatitis C virus, Ebola and West Nile virus. IFITM protein mainly in the early stages of the virus’s life cycle, that is, before the virus enters the cytoplasm, play a role in inhibiting viral replication. Recent studies have shown that IFITM protein inhibits viral replication by affecting the fusion of the viral envelope and the endosomal membrane, but the exact mechanism is not yet clear. This review summarizes the discovery, structure, antiviral effects and potential mechanisms of IFITM.