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采用 2个水稻 (OryzasativaL .)品种“春江 0 5”(早粳 )和“95 0 46”(晚粳 ) ,对离体授粉过程中的胚胎学进行了详细的研究。结果表明 :(1) 2个品种均能离体授粉结实 ,平均结实率为 5 2 .1% ,其中 2 8.4%胚胎发育正常 ,2 .2 %胚胎发育异常 ,2 1.5 %愈伤组织化 ;(2 )离体授粉时的胚胎发育途径和体内自然发育基本相同 ,只是合子和初生胚乳核首次启动分裂及以后的发育均较延缓 ,但最终也能萌发成幼苗 ;(3)观察到具细长胚柄的原胚及液泡化原胚等异常的胚胎类型 ;(4)子房内形成的愈伤组织分为致密和松散两种类型 ,二者均可分化出不定芽和不定根。还对离体授粉的方法、离体授粉中正常和异常的胚胎发育途径进行了讨论。
Embryology in vitro pollination was studied in detail with two rice varieties, “Oryza sativa L.” (Chunjiang 0 5) (early japonica) and “95 0 46” (late japonica). The results showed that: (1) Both of the two cultivars could pollination and fruiting in vitro with an average seed setting rate of 52.1%, of which 28.4% were normal embryos, 2.2% were embryonic abnormalities and 2.5% were callus. (2) The pathways of embryonic development during in vitro pollination were basically the same as those in vivo, except that the first initiation of division and subsequent development of the zygotic and primary endosperm nuclei were delayed, but eventually they also germinated into seedlings; (3) (4) The callus formed in the ovary is divided into two types, dense and loose. Both of them can differentiate into adventitious buds and adventitious roots. Methods of in vitro pollination, normal and abnormal embryonic developmental pathways in vitro pollination were also discussed.