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关于大气的压强,初中物理如是说:“由于空气有重量,所以象液体对浸在它里面的物体要产生压强一样,空气对浸在它里面的物体也要产生压强,这个压强叫大气压强,简称大气压。”高中物理又告诉我们:“由于大量气体分子不断碰撞器壁,对器壁就产生一个持续的宏观的力,单位面积器壁上所受的压力就叫做气体的压强。它决定于单位体积内的分子数和分子的平均速率。”而每当同学们学习了“气体的压强”之后再回过头来看一看“大气(当然也是气体)的压强”的时候,便会疑窦顿生:“气体的压强到底是由什么决定的?”应当说,要搞清气体压强的两种说法(我们姑且分别称作“重量说”与“碰撞说”)的内在联系,也确非是一般中学生力所能及的,而且这牵涉到对气压与大气压的形成条件及其本质的认识。这里,我谨谈谈自己的一管之见。
With regard to atmospheric pressure, junior high school physics says: “Because air has weight, so just as liquid produces pressure on an object immersed in it, the air must also generate pressure on objects immersed in it. This pressure is called atmospheric pressure. , referred to as atmospheric pressure.” High school physics tells us: ” Because a large number of gas molecules continuously hit the wall of the device, a continuous macroscopic force is generated on the wall of the device. The pressure on the wall of a unit area is called the pressure of the gas. It depends on the number of molecules per unit volume and the average rate of the molecules.“And every time the students learn the ”gas pressure“ then come back to see ”atmosphere (of course, gas pressure) “When you think of it, you’ll suspect Dou Susheng:” What does the pressure of the gas depend on? “I should say that I need to find out two ways of saying gas pressure (we’ll call it ”weight“ and The inner relationship of ”collision theory" is also not what ordinary middle school students can do, and it involves the understanding of the conditions and nature of atmospheric pressure and atmospheric pressure. Here, I would like to talk about my own opinion.