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为了解北京流行的麻疹野病毒的基因型别 ,2 0 0 1年开展了麻疹流行毒株的基因特点分析。在北京儿童医院收集了 18例 1～ 15岁可疑麻疹患儿的 18份咽喉拭子标本 ,其中 16份用逆转录 -聚合酶链式反应 (RT -PCR)扩增出麻疹病毒核蛋白 (N)基因碳末端 146个核苷酸片段。通过对扩增产物的序列测定和分析 ,提示该 16株病毒属于麻疹病毒H1基因型。该 16株病毒和A基因型的代表株Edmonston相比 ,基因变异在 6 16 %～ 7 5 3%;与H2 基因型的基因变异在 7 5 3%～ 8 90 %;和H1基因型内参考株相比 ,型内变异在 0～ 4 79%。 16株病毒 146个核苷酸之间的基因差异在 0～ 4 10 %,提示此 16例患儿有不同的病毒传播来源 ,为不同省份输入引起。开展麻疹的病毒监测和建立麻疹病毒基因库 ,对北京和全国加速控制乃至消除麻疹是十分必要的。
In order to understand the genotype of wild measles virus in Beijing, the genetic characteristics of the measles epidemic strains were investigated in 2001. 18 samples of throat swab from 18 children with measles of 1-15 years old were collected from Beijing Children’s Hospital. 16 of them were amplified by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) ) 146-nucleotide fragment of the carbon end of the gene. Through the sequencing and analysis of the amplified products, it is suggested that the 16 viruses belong to the H1 genotype of measles virus. Compared with Edmonston, a representative strain of genotype A, the 16 strains of viruses showed a genetic variation of 6-16% -73.3%, a genotype of H2-genotypes of 75.3% -890%, and an H1 genotype reference Compared with the isolates, intraspecies variation ranged from 0 to 4 79%. The genetic differences among 146 nucleotides of 16 viruses ranged from 0% to 41%, suggesting that these 16 children had different sources of virus transmission and were caused by input from different provinces. To carry out measles virus surveillance and establishment of a measles virus gene bank, it is imperative to speed up the control and even eliminate measles in Beijing and the whole country.