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1971年11月,美国英特尔(Intel)公司研制成功世界上第一个大规模集成电路微处理器芯片Intel4004,十几年来,微型计算机在各行各业的许多领域中得到了广泛应用,它在计算机行业中所占的地位越来越重要了。微型计算机之所以得到广泛应用,其基本原因是它的中央处理单元(CPU)能集成在一块或几块大规模集成电路芯片上,制成微处理器(Microprocessor)。由微处理器、存储器、接口电路和适当的外部设备组成的微型计算机(见图1),不但体积小、功耗低而且价格低廉。因此,过去既装不下、也装不起计算机的小型设备、终端设备、家用电器和仪器仪
November 1971, the United States Intel (Intel) successfully developed the world’s first large-scale integrated circuit microprocessor chip Intel4004, more than 10 years, microcomputers in many fields in all walks of life has been widely used in computers The position in the industry is more and more important. Microcomputer is widely used, the basic reason is that its central processing unit (CPU) can be integrated in one or several large scale integrated circuit chips, made of microprocessors (Microprocessor). The microcomputer (see Figure 1), which consists of a microprocessor, memory, interface circuitry and appropriate external devices, is small, consumes less power and is less expensive. As a result, small devices, end devices, appliances and instruments that used to fit neither the computer nor the computer