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目的 了解男男性行为人群(MSM)中人类免疫缺陷病毒Ⅰ型(HIV-1)新发感染情况及影响因素,为有针对性地开展艾滋病防治工作提供基础数据.方法 回顾性分析云南省2012-2014年某检测平台MSM人群HIV和梅毒血清学检测资料.结果 1 113名调查对象HIV抗体阳性检出率12.94％(144/1 113),梅毒血清学阳性检出率6.83％ (76/1 113).144例HIV感染者中,HIV-1新发感染77人,年龄17 ～ 62岁,平均28.73±8.85岁,34岁及以下占80.52％ (62/77).以未婚(占80.52％,62/77)和大专及以上文化程度者(占55.84％,43/77)居多.年平均新发感染率15.19％ (95％ CI:11.80％ ～18.58％).梅毒患者较非梅毒患者更易发生HIV新发感染(OR=4.013,95％ CI:2.115～7.614,P＜0.001).MSM人群中年龄、婚姻状况和受教育程度的差异未成为HIV新发感染的统计学变量(P＞0.05).结论 MSM人群的HIV感染率和HIV-1新发感染率较高,男男性传播对青年人的威胁值得关注,受教育程度提高并未减少HIV新发感染发生,预防和规范治疗梅毒等性传播疾病是预防HIV传播的有效措施.“,”Objective To explore HIV-1 incidence and related risk factors and provide baseline data for HIV prevention,HIV-1 recent infection was performed with BED-CEIA (capture enzyme immunoassay) among men who have sex with men (MSM).Methods Blood samples were collected from MSM from 2012 to 2014 and subjected to the detection for HIV/syphilis antibodies.HIV-1 positive samples were further tested with BED-CEIA and analyzed with the epidemic data.Results A total of 1 113 samples was collected.Of the subjects,12.94％ (144/1 113) were confirmed with HIV-1 antibodies and 6.83％ (76/1 113) were infected with syphilis.Among 144 HIV positive MSM,77 were classified as resent infection,whose average age was 28.73 ± 8.85 (17-62),80.52％ (62/77) is younger than 34 years old.Of the recent infected MSM,80.52％ (62/77) was unmarried and 55.84％ (43/77) were with college degree and above.The HIV-1 incident rate among MSM is 15.19％ (95％ CI:11.80％ ～ 18.58％.logistic analysis showed that the infection with syphilis was associated with HIV-1 resent infection (logistic OR =4.013,95％ CI:2.115-7.614,x2 =18.091,P ＜0.001).The factors of age,marital status and education level were not associated with HIV-1 resent infection (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion The HIV prevalence and incidence are high in MSM.HIV transmission through homosexual contact among young men is of concern.Higher education could not decline HIV incidence.Prevention and therapy of syphilis and other sexual transmitted diseases (STD) are effective methods to prevent HIV transmission.