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抗D免疫球蛋白预防RhD同种免疫的效果较好，不良反应轻且发生率很低。但我国至今尚无此方面的临床规范或指南。现结合国内外相关文献，对抗D免疫球蛋白的作用机制、剂量效应与安全性、产前抗体筛查的时机与合理性、产前常规抗D免疫球蛋白应用的合理时机与剂量、产前需要额外给予抗D免疫球蛋白的情况以及产后预防等关键问题进行总结。“,”Anti-D immunoglobulin effectively prevents RhD alloimmunity and has a low incidence of adverse reactions, which are generally mild. A consensus is yet to be reached regarding the clinical norms in China. We provide an overview of anti-D immunoglobulin in preventing RhD alloimmunity, including its mechanism of action, dose-effect, and safety, the timing and rationality of prenatal antibody screening, the timing and dosage of routine prenatal administration of anti-D immunoglobulin, as well as the prenatal indications for an additional dosage of anti-D immunoglobulin and postpartum prevention based on evidence from both domestic and abroad.