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目的 观察消瘀片对兔腹主动脉粥样斑块的消退作用。方法 采用高脂饮食 8w加腹主动脉内膜剥脱术制成兔腹主动脉粥样硬化模型 ,通过血管腔内超声技术、光镜和电镜 ,检查口服消瘀片 1 6 w后兔腹主动脉粥样斑块的消长变化。结果 血管腔内超声检查显示 ,粥样硬化组管壁呈弥漫性增厚 ,腔内有环形或半月状粥样斑块低回声区 ,用消瘀片治疗后 ,管壁增厚不明显 ,仅可见散在或短弧形粥样斑块回声区 ,粥样斑块厚度和斑块面积与粥样硬化组相比明显减少。光镜下可见粥样硬化组管壁内膜增厚 ,含有大量的泡沫细胞 ,平滑肌细胞 (SMC)和粥样坏死物质。消瘀片组的内膜变薄 ,泡沫细胞、SMC和粥样坏死灶明显少见。透射电镜显示粥样硬化组 SMC胞体胞大、胞浆内线粒体和内质网等细胞器丰富 ,呈合成型表型 ,有些 SMC内有较多的胆固醇结晶沉积。而消瘀片组 SMC排列较整齐 ,胞浆内有较多的致密斑和肌丝 ,细胞器较少 ,呈收缩型表型 ,未见有胆固醇结晶形成。结论 消瘀片有促进粥样斑块消退的作用。
Objective To observe the effect of Xiaoyu tablets on atheromatous plaque in rabbit abdominal aorta. Methods Rabbit abdominal aortic atherosclerosis model was made by high-fat diet 8w and abdominal aortic intima stripping. The rabbit abdominal aorta was examined by intravascular ultrasound, light and electron microscopy after 16 weeks. Changes in atherosclerotic plaques. RESULTS: Endovascular ultrasonography revealed a diffuse thickening of the wall of the atherosclerotic group. There was a ring or half moon-like atheromatous hypoechoic area in the lumen. After treatment with Xiaoyu tablets, the wall thickness did not increase significantly. The echo area of scattered or short-arc atheromatous plaques was seen, and the atheromatous plaque thickness and plaque area were significantly reduced compared with the atherosclerotic group. Under the light microscope, the atherosclerosis group showed intimal thickening of the vessel wall, containing a large number of foam cells, smooth muscle cells (SMC) and atherosclerosis. The thinning of the intima of the Xiaoying Tablets group showed that foam cells, SMC, and atheromatous necrosis were significantly less common. Transmission electron microscopy revealed that SMC cells in the atherosclerotic group had a large cell body, abundant organelles such as mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum in the cytoplasm and a synthetic phenotype. Some SMCs contained more cholesterol crystals. In the Xiaoying Tablet group, the SMCs were arranged more neatly. There were more dense plaques and myofilaments in the cytoplasm and less organelles. The organelles showed contractile phenotype and no cholesterol crystals were formed. Conclusion Xiaoyu tablets can promote the regression of atherosclerotic plaques.