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乌东德水电站左岸尾水出口正面边坡为典型陡倾顺向坡,在施工期出现了2次变形。以工程地质条件分析为基础,以变形监测资料和声波检测资料分析为主要手段,辅以三维数值模拟计算,对其变形与边坡结构、坡脚隧洞、开挖爆破、坡内小断层、卸荷松弛的关系进行研究,进而对边坡变形的影响因素进行分析。研究认为,该边坡变形主因为顺向坡切脚,此外,脚部紧凑大断面隧洞挖空和超标准爆破扰动,在较大程度上加剧了边坡的变形,坡面出露的小断层对断层附近坡体变形加剧有一定影响。提出在脚部有大断面隧洞开挖的顺向坡施工中,洞坡交叉部位的隧洞开挖应以支护后边坡稳定为前提,再进行隧洞的分层开挖,另外,施工爆破与边坡支护在顺向坡施工过程中亦应予以高度重视与特殊控制。研究成果丰富了顺向坡稳定性研究的工程实例,为工程本身的支护设计及开挖施工提供了重要的技术支持,亦为类似工程提供可以借鉴的经验与指导。
The front slope of the tailrace outlet at the left bank of Wudongde Hydropower Station is a typical steep-down slope with two deformations during the construction period. Based on the analysis of engineering geological conditions, taking the deformation monitoring data and acoustic detection data analysis as the main measures, combined with the three-dimensional numerical simulation calculation, the deformation and slope structure, slope foot tunnel, excavation blasting, small fault slope, Load relaxation study, and then analyze the factors affecting slope deformation. The study shows that the deformation of the slope is mainly due to the forward sloping foot. In addition, the hollowing out of the large-size tunnel with large section and the disturbance of over-standard blasting aggravate the deformation of the slope to a large extent. The slope deformation near the fault has some impact. It is proposed that in the construction of the forward slope with large cross-section tunnel excavation at the foot, tunnel excavation at the cross-section of the slope should be premised on the stability of the slope after the support, and then the layered excavation of the tunnel should be carried out. In addition, Slope support in the forward slope construction process should also be given high priority and special control. The research results have enriched the engineering examples of the stability study of the forward slope, provided important technical support for the design and excavation of the project itself, and provided experiences and guidance for similar projects.