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1950年代前半期,上海居民委员会在一系列政治动员中扮演了国家和社会的双重角色,这种独特的作用源自于阶级错杂、行动取向多元的近代上海社会特质。通过基层社会的整顿和社会生活计划供应的实施,中国共产党有效地利用并成功地改造了居民委员会的这些特性,使之踏上新政权设定的体制轨道,强化了它们的国家属性。上海基层社会大量的无组织的“非单位人”由此而成为国家可以调控的政治力量,国家统合社会之路开始畅通。
In the first half of the 1950s, Shanghai Residents’ Committee played a dual role as a state and as a society in a series of political mobilization. This unique role derives from the social trait of modern Shanghai, which is characterized by a complicated class and a multi-directional approach. Through the rectification of grass-roots society and the implementation of social life-planning and supply, the Chinese Communist Party has effectively utilized and successfully transformed these characteristics of neighborhood committees to embark on the institutional track set by the new regime and strengthened their national attributes. As a result, a large number of unorganized “non-unit people ” in grass-roots society in Shanghai have become the political forces that the state can regulate and the road to national integration begins to flow smoothly.