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巴西是世界上唯一一个大比例利用可再生能源来满足能源需求的发展中国家,在一次能源消费结构中可再生能源占到总量的45%,其在生物燃料方面的政策、技术及利用值得其他发展中国家参考学习。巴西生物质资源丰富,主要可分为甘蔗、玉米等富含糖或淀粉的作物,油料作物和其他油脂,木质纤维生物质以及废弃物四大类。由于原料种类多样,相应也有多种制取技术。其中,生物乙醇主要是从糖类和淀粉类作物发酵制取;生物柴油的制取工艺主要是酯交换反应;由于生物煤油的原料来源丰富,大多数生物质都可以用来制取生物煤油,因此工艺也较为多样;木炭是通过热解来生产;而固体生物燃料利用则主要是直燃和颗粒燃料。对于糖类发酵制备乙醇这种成熟技术,巴西积极培育探索新原料;对于生物柴油和生物煤油,巴西加大力度研究酯交换反应和加氢法、气化-费托合成法,同时也不忘探索其他原料;木炭虽然是巴西的传统能源,但由于毁林率偏高,将逐步淘汰;对于固体生物燃料,巴西利用固体成型燃料来增加燃烧效率,并积极与其他国家合作,以求缓解或解决燃烧后对燃烧炉带来的不利影响。
Brazil is the only developing country in the world with a large proportion of renewable energy to meet its energy needs. Renewable energy accounts for 45% of the total primary energy consumption structure. Its biofuels policy, technology and utilization are worth Other developing countries learn by reference. Brazil is rich in biomass resources and can be divided into four categories: sugar-rich or starchy crops such as sugar cane and corn, oilseeds and other oils, lignocellulosic biomass and waste. Due to the variety of raw materials, there are also a variety of preparation techniques. Among them, bioethanol is mainly produced from fermented sugar and starchy crops; biodiesel production process is mainly transesterification; because bio-kerosene is rich in sources of raw materials, most biomass can be used to make bio-kerosene, So the process is also more diverse; charcoal is produced by pyrolysis; while the use of solid biofuels is mainly direct combustion and particulate fuel. Brazil is actively cultivating and exploring new materials for the mature technology of ethanol fermentation for sugar production. For biodiesel and bio-kerosene, Brazil intensified its efforts in the study of transesterification and hydrogenation, gasification and Fischer-Tropsch synthesis, while not forgetting Explore other raw materials; although charcoal is a traditional Brazilian energy source, it will be phased out because of high deforestation rates; for solid biofuels, Brazil uses solid fuels to increase combustion efficiency and is actively working with other countries to mitigate or Solve the burning of furnace adverse effects.