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为比较宁波市不同区域(城郊、工业区、农村)的镉(Cd)、铜(Cu)、锰(Mn)、铬(Cr)、铅(Pb)、锌(Zn)、汞(Hg)等重金属污染情况,采用电感耦合等离子体质谱仪(ICP-MS)对宁波市3个地区环境中蔬菜、土壤、积尘、灌溉水、饮用水和学生头发中的7种重金属含量进行了测定和分析。结果显示,城郊青菜、芹菜和工业区大白菜、芹菜中的Cd均值超过GB18406.1-2001限值,城郊、工业区蔬菜Cd超标率分别为62%、33%,蔬菜中Cd、Cu和Cr含量以城郊为最高,蔬菜中Pb和Mn的含量以工业区为最高。灌溉水和饮用水中重金属含量均较低,且以农村灌溉水中重金属含量为最低。城郊菜地土壤中的Cd和Zn的平均含量均超过土壤二级质量标准,城郊菜地土壤中Cd、Cu、Hg和Zn的含量均高于农村和工业区。3个研究地区积尘中重金属含量均较高,其中Cd、Pb、Zn均显著超过土壤中含量。女生头发中的Cd、Cu、Mn、Cr、Pb、Zn均比男生高,城郊和工业区学生头发中Cd、Pb含量比农村高,城郊学生头发中Pb超标率为30.4%。蔬菜、土壤、灌溉水中重金属之间存在着一定的正相关关系,宁波环境与学生头发中Cd含量分布基本吻合。鉴于Cd、Pb等重金属污染现状,宁波城郊土地基本不适合种植蔬菜粮食;工业区周边农田应控制蔬菜的种植。
To compare the contents of Cd, Cu, Mn, Cr, Pb, Zn and Hg in different areas of Ningbo City (suburb, industrial area and rural area) Heavy metal pollution, the content of seven heavy metals in the vegetables, soil, dust, irrigation water, drinking water and students’ hair in three districts of Ningbo were measured and determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) . The results showed that the average value of Cd in Chinese cabbage and celery in urban suburbs exceeded the limit of GB18406.1-2001, and the exceeding standard rates of Cd in urban and industrial areas were 62% and 33% respectively. The contents of Cd, Cu and Cr in vegetables The content of the suburbs is the highest, the content of Pb and Mn in vegetables is the highest in the industrial area. The content of heavy metals in irrigation water and drinking water is low, and the content of heavy metals in irrigation water is the lowest. The average content of Cd and Zn in the soil in the suburbs exceeded the second-level soil quality standards, and the contents of Cd, Cu, Hg and Zn in the vegetable fields in the suburbs were higher than those in the rural and industrial areas. The contents of heavy metals in dust were higher in the three studied areas, among which Cd, Pb and Zn significantly exceeded the soil contents. The contents of Cd, Cu, Mn, Cr, Pb and Zn in girls’ hair were higher than those in boys. The content of Cd and Pb in the hair of students in suburban and industrial areas was higher than that in rural areas. The exceeding rate of Pb in hair of suburban students was 30.4%. There is a positive correlation between heavy metals in vegetables, soils and irrigation water. The distribution of Cd in hair of students in Ningbo is similar. In view of the status quo of heavy metals such as Cd and Pb, the suburban land in Ningbo is not suitable for growing vegetables and grain basically; the farmland around the industrial area should control the planting of vegetables.