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目的:探讨黔南州农村水族和布依族7～12岁女性儿童骨骼发育的差异,并比较两民族相关影响因素的差异,为少数民族贫困地区农村儿童骨骼发育的研究提供依据。方法:2011年2月～2012年11月共收集1 200名7～12岁女性儿童作为研究对象,按民族分为水族组(592名)和布依族组(608名),分别进行问卷调查,摄取两组各年龄段右手腕部X片,参照骨发育分级标准———骨24项骨骼发育指标进行阅片,通过数学模型法计算骨龄,然后对骨龄与生活年龄的比值进行不同民族间差异性比较,并对影响骨发育相关因素进行Logistic多元回归分析。结果:①水族组骨骼早发育78人(13.18%),发育正常499人(84.29%),晚发育15人(2.53%);布依族组608名,骨骼早发育21人(3.45%),发育正常546人(89.66%),晚发育41人(6.74%)。两组比较差异有统计学意义(χ2=37.45,P<0.01)。②根据年龄将两民族均分为5个年龄段。水族组7～岁,8～岁,9～岁,10～岁,11～12岁年龄段骨龄、生活年龄、差值及标准化年龄水平分别与布依族组相应年龄段比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论:水族与布依族女性儿童骨骼发育存在民族差异,水族女性儿童的骨骼发育早于布依族。
Objective: To investigate the differences of skeletal development between rural aquaria and Buyi women aged from 7 to 12 in Qiannan prefecture, and to compare the differences of related factors between the two ethnic groups, so as to provide basis for the study of skeletal development in rural children in minority poor areas. Methods: A total of 1,200 female children aged 7-12 years were collected from February 2011 to November 2012. The subjects were divided into two groups (592 in the aquarium group and 608 in the Buyi group) by questionnaire, Take two groups of right wrist X-ray of each age group, refer to the bone development grading standards --- bone 24 bone development index reading, calculate the bone age by mathematic model, and then compare the bone age with the age of life for different ethnic differences Sex, and related factors affecting bone development Logistic multiple regression analysis. Results: ① In the aquarium group, 78 (13.18%) early bone development, normal development 499 (84.29%), late development 15 (2.53%); Buyi group 608, early skeletal development 21 (3.45% 546 normal (89.66%), 41 late development (6.74%). The difference between the two groups was statistically significant (χ2 = 37.45, P <0.01). ② According to the age of both ethnic groups are divided into five age groups. In the aquatic group, the skeletal age, life span, difference and standardized age at 7 ~ 8, 9 ~ 10, 11 ~ 12 were respectively compared with the corresponding age groups in Buyi ethnic group (P <0.01). Conclusion: There are ethnic differences in the skeletal development between Aqua and Buyi women, and the aquatic female children develop earlier than the Buyi ethnic group.