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目的探讨产前超声筛查胎儿异常的类型及其与妊娠期影响因素之间的关系。方法收集超声筛查会诊确认的胎儿畸形或异常1 937例,将异常类型按人体组织系统进行分组,又根据妊娠期影响因素存在与否分为研究组和对照组。结果 1胎儿心血管系统、泌尿系统和中枢神经系统异常的孕妇分别为238例、204例和169例,分别占12.29%、10.53%和8.72%;胎儿多系统异常病例中,胎儿附属物、心血管系统和中枢神经系统异常合并其他类型畸形所占比率较高,分别为23.80%、12.29%和13.27%。2胎儿心血管系统、颜面部及颈部、骨骼系统、胎儿附属物畸形或异常的发生率与孕妇妊娠年龄呈正相关性,研究组畸形或异常发生率高于对照组(P<0.05);颜面及颈部畸形分组中,有孕期叶酸服用史孕妇胎儿畸形发生率低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);孕期吸烟胎儿附属物异常发生率高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论产前超声筛查中,胎儿心血管系统、泌尿系统和中枢神经系统异常发生率较高,孕妇年龄、孕期增补叶酸和吸烟是胎儿异常发生的3个重要影响因素。
Objective To investigate the types of fetal abnormalities detected by prenatal ultrasound and its relationship with influencing factors during pregnancy. Methods A total of 1 937 cases of fetal malformations or abnormalities were collected by ultrasound screening. The abnormal types were grouped according to the human tissue system and divided into study group and control group according to the presence or absence of influencing factors during pregnancy. Results A total of 238 pregnant women with fetal cardiovascular system, urinary system and central nervous system abnormalities were found in 204 cases and 169 cases, accounting for 12.29%, 10.53% and 8.72% respectively. Fetal appendages and heart Vascular and central nervous system abnormalities combined with other types of malformations accounted for a higher proportion, respectively 23.80%, 12.29% and 13.27%. The incidence of deformity or abnormality in fetal cardiovascular system, facial and neck, skeletal system and fetal appendages was positively correlated with the gestational age of pregnant women, and the incidence of deformity or abnormality in study group was higher than that in control group (P <0.05) And neck deformity group, the incidence of fetal malformations in pregnant women taking fetus during pregnancy was significantly lower than that of the control group (P <0.05), and the incidence of fetal appendages smoking during pregnancy was higher than that of the control group Significance (P <0.05). Conclusions In prenatal ultrasound screening, abnormal incidence of fetal cardiovascular system, urinary system and central nervous system is high. Age, pregnant women ’s supplementation with folic acid and smoking during pregnancy are three important influencing factors of fetal abnormality.