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收集整理了自2001～2010年近10 a的福建沿海161起赤潮事件,通过统计的方法综合分析.结果表明福建沿海赤潮在时间和空间上具有以下特征:①时间分布上,赤潮主要发生在4～9月,高发期为5～6月,大部分赤潮的持续时间为2～4 d,且发生面积在50 km2以下.近年来赤潮初发期的时间提早,且其持续时间较长;②引发赤潮的生物有20种,其中硅藻类10种,甲藻类9种,原生动物类1种.引发赤潮最多的生物为东海原甲藻(Prorocentrum donghaiense),其次为夜光藻(Noctilucascintillans)、中肋骨条藻(Skeletonema costatum)和角毛藻(Chaetoceros sp.).引发赤潮的种类具有演替规律,不断有新的种类引发赤潮;③空间分布上,赤潮主要发生在宁德市沿海、福州市沿海和厦门市沿海海域.福建省平潭以北沿海海域引发赤潮的藻种主要为东海原甲藻和夜光藻,而平潭以南沿海海域引发赤潮的藻种主要为中肋骨条藻和角毛藻;④引发有毒赤潮的藻种主要为米氏凯伦藻(Karenia mikimotoi),主要发生在福建平潭以北沿海海域.通过对近10 a福建沿海赤潮的全面分析,为福建省赤潮的防灾减灾和赤潮预警工作提供科学合理的依据.
A total of 161 red tide events were collected and analyzed from the coastal areas of Fujian in recent 10 years from 2001 to 2010. The results showed that the red tides along the coast of Fujian Province had the following characteristics in time and space: From September to September, the most frequent red tides are from May to June, and the durations of most of the red tides are 2 ~ 4 days and the occurrence area is below 50 km 2. In recent years, the initial period of red tides is earlier and the duration is longer; There are 20 species of red tide-causing organisms, including 10 species of diatoms, 9 species of dinoflagellates and 1 species of protozoan. Prorocentrum donghaiense, the most frequently elicited red tide, followed by Noctilucascintillans, Skeletonema costatum and Chaetoceros sp. The species of the species causing red tide had the succession rule, and new types of red tide were constantly emerging. (3) The spatial distribution of red tide mainly occurred along the coastal areas of Ningde and Fuzhou, The coastal waters of Xiamen City.The algae causing red tide in the coastal area north of Pingtan in Fujian Province are mainly Prorocentrum donghaiense and Noctiluca algae and the algae causing red tide in the coastal waters south of Pingtan are mainly Skeletonema costatum and Cape hairs (4) The algae causing toxic red tide were mainly Karenia mikimotoi, which occurred mainly in the coastal area north of Pingtan in Fujian Province.Through a comprehensive analysis of the recent 10 years of coastal red tide in Fujian, Disaster mitigation and early warning of red tide to provide a scientific and rational basis.