关于维新运动的上下限,史学界大体有两种意见,即1895年“公车上书”至1898年戊戌政变;或1888年康有为上书至1905年同盟会成立。孙应祥、皮后锋在《南京大学学报》1993年第3期著文《论维新运动的上下限》提出了不同观点。他们认为,维新运动是对洋务运动的继承与发展,前者上限与后者的下限紧密相联。1895年甲午战争的结束标志着洋务运动的下限,同年的公车上书即为维新运动的上限。关于维新运动的下限,以康梁为核心 On the upper and lower limits of reform movement, historians generally have two views, namely, 1895 “bus letter” until 1898 coup; or 1888 Kang Youwei 1905 Congress was established. Sun Yingxiang, Pi Houfeng in the “Journal of Nanjing University” 1993 the third period article “on the reform movement of the upper and lower limits” put forward different views. In their opinion, the reform movement is the succession and development of the Westernization Movement, with the former upper limit closely linked with the latter’s lower limit. The end of the Sino-Japanese War of 1895 marked the lower limit of the Westernization Movement. In the same year, the bus book was the upper limit of the reform movement. On the lower limit of reform movement, with Kang Liang as the core