本文主要阐述当代西方思想界对马克思社会预见理论进行的诘难，并针对这种诘难所提出的社会预见的基础是历史决定论还是历史非决定论、社会预见的原则是理性主义还是非理性主义、社会预见的构想是现实主义还是乌托邦主义、社会预见的方向是科学社会主义还是民主社会主义等问题作出理论上的回应。 This article mainly elaborates on the difficulties that the contemporary western thought circles have for Marx’s social foresight theory and on the basis of which is the historical determinism or historical nondeterminism. Whether the social foresight principle is rationalism or irrationalism, The concept of social foresight is realism or utopianism, and the direction foreseen by the society is a scientific response to such questions as scientific socialism or democratic socialism.