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本文在分析1982年上半年于上海港第七装卸作业区卸货的327艘煤船在港停泊时间与作业情况的基础上,研究了船型、货物、泊位装卸工艺之间的相互关系,以及它们对港口吞吐能力的影响;肯定了专业化高效率码头泊位的经济效益;提出了有关提高港口吞吐能力的途径与措施。文章提出:港口吞吐量的预测对港口发展规模的确定至关重要,港口的装卸工艺又随货类有异。因此,结合腹地经济发展,按主要货类进行预测是十分必要的;在港口建设与原有码头改造时,在货源稳定,吞吐任务量适当时,散货码头应采用高效率的专用配套设备,装卸工艺应力求先进;船型结构是影响泊位吞吐能力的重要因素。根据分析:同一艘船舶在非专业化低效泊位与专业化高效泊位卸煤效率相差2～3倍,不同型船舶在同一泊位卸煤的效率也相差一倍有余。为此,作者建议:结合港口装卸工艺,采取增添优良型船,淘汰装卸效率低的船舶,以及合理指泊等措施,可以充分挖掘泊位生产潜力,提高港口吞吐能力和水运企业的经济效益。
Based on the analysis of the parking time and operation conditions of 327 coal carriers unloaded at Seventh loading and unloading area in Shanghai Port in the first half of 1982, this paper studies the relationship between loading and unloading of ships, cargo and berths, Port throughput capacity; affirmed the economic benefits of specialized and efficient dock berths; and put forward ways and measures to improve port throughput capacity. The article puts forward: the forecast of the port throughput is very important to the determination of the port development scale, and the loading and unloading technology of the port varies with the type of goods. Therefore, in combination with the economic development in the hinterland, it is necessary to make forecast according to the major categories of goods. At the time of port construction and transformation of the original wharf, the bulk wharf should be equipped with high-efficiency special auxiliary equipment when the supply is stable and the throughput is properly handled. Handling technology should strive to advanced; ship structure is an important factor affecting berth throughput. According to the analysis: the same ship in non-specialized berths and specialized high-efficiency berth unloading efficiency difference of 2 to 3 times, different types of ships in the same berth unloading efficiency more than doubled. Therefore, the author suggests that the combination of the port loading and unloading technology, the addition of excellent type of vessels, the elimination of ships with low loading and unloading efficiency, and the rational fingering and other measures can fully tap the potential of berthing production and enhance the port throughput capacity and the economic benefits of water transport enterprises.