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国家的大小与其经济表现和地位有很大的不同,因而国际社会对大国比小国更有兴趣。衡量国家大小的主要标志是人口,它包括人口数量和密度,但地理面积的大小也很重要,它与自然资源的数量和种类相联系。根据不同样本国家的实证分析,表明一个国家的人口越多,对外贸易在国家的GDP中所占的份额越低。规模经济普遍被认为是大国外贸比例低的主要原因,大国具有庞大的市场,使许多行业可以享有规模经济的好处。在充满国际贸易制约的社会里,大国取得规模经济的成功比小国容易,相对而言,大国的资本和人力资源投入效率更高。在收入分配方面,大国比小国的地区差异更大。虽然经济与国家规模的直接联系很小,但国家规模确实对经济有影响,包括对经济结构和经济表现的影响。
The size of a country is very different from its economic performance and status. Therefore, the international community is more interested in big powers than smaller ones. The main indicator of the size of a country is the population, which includes the population and density, but the size of the geographical area is also important, linked to the number and nature of natural resources. According to the empirical analysis of different sample countries, it shows that the more a country has a larger population, the lower the share of foreign trade in the country’s GDP. Economies of scale are generally regarded as the main reason for the low proportion of large-scale foreign trade. Large countries have a huge market and many economies can enjoy the benefits of economies of scale. In a world full of international trade constraints, the success of large economies in achieving economies of scale is easier than that of small ones. Relatively speaking, the capital and human resources of major powers are more efficiently invested. In the area of income distribution, large countries differ more than small ones. While the direct linkages between economy and country size are small, the size of the country does affect the economy, including its impact on economic structure and economic performance.