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近代以来,围绕儿童发展问题,形成了形形色色的发展观,并反映到相应的教育理论与实践中。其中有两种截然不同的发展观代表了人类对儿童发展认识的两个极端,由此形成了教育上两种根本对立的观点,即洛克的经验主义教育观和卢梭的自然主义教育观。我们必须从儿童文化与成人文化冲突的角度来理解这两个传统的哲学基础、教育观点及其影响以及由此形成的悖论。
In modern times, around the issue of children’s development, various forms of the concept of development have been formed and are reflected in the corresponding educational theories and practices. Two completely different concepts of development represent the two extremes of human understanding of children’s development. Thus, two fundamental contradictions in education are formed: Locke’s empiricism and Rousseau’s naturalistic education. We must understand the philosophical foundations of these two traditions, their educational views and their implications, and the paradoxes that emerge from the standpoint of conflict between children’s and adult cultures.