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运用参与式农户评价方法(PRA)对重庆市武隆县4个抽样村进行调查,依据农户不同生计方式将农户划分为缺失型、基本型、自然资产型、人力资产型4种类型.运用分组比较法、数据包络分析法(DEA),对不同类型农户的耕地利用效率差异进行了分析.结果表明:1)研究区整体耕地利用效率偏低,不同农户类型的耕地利用效率从大到小排序为自然资产型、人力资产型、缺失型、基本型.2)受生计方式的影响,农户耕地利用方式存在差异并具有各自特点,自然资产型户均省工性和增产性投入最高,人力资产型单位耕地面积省工性投入最高,缺失型农户户均耕地面积最小,基本型农户缺乏资金以及高素质劳动力.3)纯技术效率偏低是引起农户耕地利用效率偏低的主要原因.因此政府应加快农业生产技术进步以及推广,使农户切实掌握新技术.4)农户规模收益普遍处于递增阶段,表明生产规模较小.农户应采取合理方式适当扩大生产规模,提高耕地利用效率.
Based on the PRA method, four sampling villages in Wulong County of Chongqing were surveyed, and the farmers were divided into four types: missing type, basic type, natural asset type and human asset type according to different livelihood patterns of farmers. Comparative analysis and data envelopment analysis (DEA), the differences of cultivated land use efficiency among different types of peasant households were analyzed.The results showed that: 1) the overall cultivated land use efficiency in the study area was low, and the efficiency of cultivated land use in different types of peasant households decreased from large to small The classification is natural asset, human asset, missing and basic.2) Due to the way of livelihood, there are differences in the utilization of cultivated land among farmers and their own characteristics. Natural resource has the highest average input of laborer and productivity, The highest input of cultivated land is in the area of cultivated land, the area of arable land per household is the smallest, and the lack of capital and high-quality laborers is the basic type of farmer. (3) The low efficiency of pure technology is the main reason that causes the low efficiency of farmland utilization. The government should speed up the technological progress and promotion of agricultural production so that farmers can effectively grasp the new technologies.4) The scale returns of farmers are generally in an increasing phase, indicating that production Small scale farmers should take reasonable measures to expand production scale and improve the efficiency of arable land use.