论文部分内容阅读
从1990年1月1日起的电压和电阻单位基准改值工作,是当前各国计量学界普遍关注的一件大事。由于这次世界性改值涉及面广,改值幅度较大,所需调整的标准、仪器和设备数目繁多,所以必须以充分和正确的理论指导改值的具体工作。本文提供了此次改值的社会和科技背景,介绍了国际计量组织及其有关改值的决议;论述了约瑟夫逊效应和量子化霍尔效应基本原理及其物理常数,以及使用自然基准取代实物基准的必要性;分析了如何确定受到改值影响的标准器及测量仪器,从理论上说明了对它们进行量值修正和实际调整的方法及其有关注意事项。
From January 1, 1990 onwards, voltage and resistance units of the benchmark value of the work is currently a meteorological attention of all countries a major event. As the world wide reform deals with a wide range of areas and a large scale of revaluation, and the large number of standards, instruments and equipment needed for adjustment, we must guide the concrete work of revaluation with sufficient and correct theory. This article provides the social and technological background of this revaluation, introduces the International Metrology Organization and its resolutions on value conversion, discusses the fundamental principles of Josephson effect and quantum Hall effect and their physical constants, and uses physical benchmarks to replace physical objects The necessity of benchmarking; how to determine the standard instruments and measuring instruments affected by the change of value, and theoretically explains the methods of correcting and actualizing the magnitudes and their relevant precautions.