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目的:了解抗感染药致严重不良反应的特点,为临床安全、合理用药提供参考。方法:对我院2000～2009年收集到的抗感染药致严重不良反应报告进行分析与评价。结果:114例严重不良反应涉及14种抗感染药。其中居前3位的是抗结核药、头孢菌素类与喹诺酮类。不良反应的临床表现主要为肝损害(占34.59%),其次为肾损害(占26.32%)与皮肤及其附件损害(占14.29%)。108例好转或治愈,3例死亡,2例预后不详,1例有后遗症。38例患者有明确的药物过敏史(33.33%)。结论:常用抗感染药致严重不良反应主要为肝、肾损害,部分患者发生不良反应过程隐匿,若及时发现适当处理,大部分患者可短期内治愈或好转。临床医药人员应根据这些特点加强对相关药物的监测,提高合理用药水平。
Objective: To understand the characteristics of serious adverse reactions caused by anti-infectives and provide references for clinical safety and rational drug use. Methods: The reports of serious adverse reactions caused by anti-infectives collected in our hospital from 2000 to 2009 were analyzed and evaluated. RESULTS: A total of 114 serious adverse reactions involved 14 anti-infectives. Among the top 3 are anti-TB drugs, cephalosporins and quinolones. The main clinical manifestations of adverse reactions were liver damage (34.59%), followed by kidney damage (26.32%) and skin and its attachment damage (14.29%). 108 cases improved or cured, 3 died, 2 cases of unknown prognosis, 1 case of sequelae. 38 patients had a clear history of drug allergy (33.33%). Conclusion: The common adverse reactions caused by anti-infective drugs are mainly liver and kidney damage. Some patients have hidden adverse reactions. If they are properly treated in time, most of the patients can be cured or improved in short term. Clinicians should be based on these characteristics to strengthen the monitoring of related drugs, improve the level of rational drug use.