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试验选用了3个二倍体(Triticum boeoticum,AA;Aegilops speltoides,BB和Ae.tauschii,DD)、2个四倍体(T.dicoccoides,AABB和T.dicoccum,AABB)和1个六倍体(T.aestivum,AABBDD)的小麦进化材料,在不同水肥条件下研究小麦进化中养分效率的差异及水肥条件对小麦养分利用的影响。试验表明,随小麦的进化,养分(N、P和K)吸收量和吸收效率显著增加,但是籽粒养分含量却减少。水分胁迫和低肥处理减少小麦籽粒养分含量、(整株)养分吸收量和吸收效率。小麦的生物量养分利用效率和产量养分利用效率都存在显著的种间差异,而且后者的差异更大。随小麦的进化,生物量养分利用效率和产量养分利用效率均显著增加。6个小麦进化材料的生物量氮、磷利用效率(NUTEb和PUTEb)的大小顺序相同,均为:Ae.speltoides>T.dicoccum、T.dicoccoides、Ae.tauschii、T.boeoticum>T.aestivum,而生物量钾利用效率(KUTEb)是T.aestivum、Ae.tauschii、Ae.speltoides>T.dicoccoides>T.dicoccum>T.boeoticum。Ae.tauschii的产量养分利用效率显著高于其他两个二倍体小麦(AA和BB),表明D组染色体上存在有控制高效利用养分的基因。产量氮、磷、钾利用效率(NUTEg、PUTEg、KUTEg)和收获指数(HI)的大小排序均为:T.aestivum>T.dicoccum、T.dicoccoides、Ae.tauschii>T.boeoticum、Ae.speltoides。水分与养分对生物量养分利用效率有显著影响,而对产量养分利用效率的作用却不显著,说明小麦产量养分利用效率是较为稳定的特性,主要由基因型决定。水分胁迫有利于提高小麦生物量养分利用效率,但是增加施肥量却对其有负作用。
Three diploids (Triticum boeoticum, AA; Aegilops speltoides, BB and Ae. Tauschii, DD), two tetraploids (T. dicoccoides, AABB and T. dicoccum, AABB) and one hexaploid (T.aestivum, AABBDD) wheat evolution material under different water and fertilizer conditions to study the evolution of wheat nutrient efficiency differences and water and fertilizer conditions on wheat nutrient utilization. Tests showed that with the evolution of wheat, the nutrient (N, P and K) uptake and absorption efficiency increased significantly, but the nutrient content of the grain decreased. Water stress and low fertilizer treatments reduced wheat grain nutrient content, nutrient uptake and absorption efficiency (whole plant). There was a significant interspecies difference between the biomass utilization efficiency and the yield nutrient utilization efficiency of wheat, and the difference of the latter was even greater. With the evolution of wheat, biomass nutrient utilization efficiency and yield nutrient utilization efficiency increased significantly. Biomass nitrogen and phosphorus utilization efficiency (NUTEb and PUTEb) of six wheat cultivars were the same in order of magnitude, all of which were: Ae.speltoides> T. dicoccum, T. dicoccoides, Ae.tauschii, T. boeoticum> T. aestivum, Biomass potassium utilization efficiency (KUTEb) was T.aestivum, Ae.tauschii, Ae.speltoides> T.dicoccoides> T.dicoccum> T.boeoticum. The yield nutrient use efficiency of Ae.tauschii was significantly higher than that of the other two diploid wheat (AA and BB), indicating that there are genes controlling the efficient use of nutrients on chromosome D. The order of magnitude of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium use efficiency (NUTEg, PUTEg, KUTEg) and harvest index (HI) were: T.aestivum> T.dicoccum, T.dicoccoides, Ae.tauschii> T.boeoticum, Ae.speltoides . Water and nutrients have a significant effect on biomass nutrient use efficiency, but not significant on yield nutrient use efficiency, indicating that the nutrient utilization efficiency of wheat yield is relatively stable, mainly determined by the genotype. Water stress is conducive to improving the utilization of wheat biomass, but increasing the amount of fertilizer has a negative effect on it.