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目的了解滇西南家鼠鼠疫疫源地小兽及寄生蚤在不同景观的分布特征和规律,以及与鼠疫流行的关系。方法以滇西南云县、永德、景谷、宁洱、勐海和勐腊6个县为调查对象,运用群落生态学指标对小兽及其寄生蚤类多样性的空间分布特征进行研究。结果本次调查共捕获小型兽类719只,隶属3目6科12属19种(亚种)。黄胸鼠(55.77%)为优势鼠种;共收集蚤类229匹,隶属5科11属14种(亚种),印鼠客蚤(57.21%)和泸水栉眼蚤(17.03%)为优势种。不同景观小型兽类及其寄生蚤类多样性指数和均匀度指数从高到低依次为林区>农耕地>居民区,而优势度指数则相反的空间分布格局。林区、农耕区和居民区捕获小兽的物种多样性指数分别为2.28、1.60和0.16;林区、农耕区和居民区捕获的小兽寄生蚤物种多样性指数分别为1.97、1.75和0.15。结论林区景观有利于维持家鼠鼠疫疫源地的自然疫源性,居民区景观是鼠疫流行的重要环境,农耕区可能是鼠疫传播和流行的重要通道,在家鼠型鼠疫疫源地长期保存、流行和扩散机制中有关键作用。
Objective To understand the distribution characteristics and laws of small mammals and parasitic fleas in different landscapes of plague origin in western Yunnan and their relationship with plague epidemics. Methods Six counties of Yunxian, Yongde, Jinggu, Ning’er, Menghai and Mengla in the southwest of Yunnan Province were selected as research objects to study the spatial distribution of the diversity of small beasts and their parasitic fleas by using community ecology. Results A total of 719 small mammals were captured in this survey. They belong to 3 orders, 6 families, 12 genera and 19 species (subspecies). Rattus flavipectus (55.77%) was the predominant species. A total of 229 fleas were collected, belonging to 14 species (subspecies) of 11 genera of 5 families, 57.21% of fleas and 17.03% of Lushuihua fleas Dominant species. The diversity indices and evenness indices of small mammals and their parasitic fleas in different landscapes ranged from forest area> agricultural land> residential area from high to low, while the dominance index had the opposite spatial distribution pattern. The species diversity index of captured small beasts in forest area, agricultural area and residential area were 2.28, 1.60 and 0.16, respectively. The diversity index of small parasitic flea captured in forest area, farming area and residential area were 1.97, 1.75 and 0.15 respectively. Conclusion The forest landscape is good for maintaining the natural foci of plague foci of domestic rats. The landscape of residential area is an important environment for plague epidemic. The farming area may be an important passage for the spread and epidemic of plague, There is a key role in the epidemic and proliferation mechanisms.