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目的了解青春期舞蹈专业女生的营养及月经状况,为该人群的骨骼健康状况及骨质疏松的预防提出营养方面的建议。方法选取舞蹈专业15～17岁女生60名,以同年龄普通中学女生为对照,测量身高、体重,并用问卷调查其膳食摄入、月经状况及第二性征发育情况,用双能X射线吸收仪测量全身和前臂骨密度。结果(1)舞蹈女生普通存在控制饮食的状况,平均能量摄入仅为7492.86kJ/d,远低于对照组1029.57kJ/d的水平,其直接反映是舞蹈女生组显著的低体重、低BMI及低体脂百分比;(2)舞蹈女生中存在初潮延迟、闭经和月经不规律的比例也均显著大于对照组;(3)BMI较低的舞蹈女生其膳食能量等的摄入明显低于BMI较高的舞蹈女生,同时其月经紊乱情况也明显多于BMI较高的女生,乳房等第二性征发育状况也明显迟于后者;(4)将月经紊乱者作为一个群体分析,发现这些舞蹈女生的各项营养素摄入情况均低于月经正常者。结论舞蹈女生普遍存在饮食限制及月经紊乱状况,而改善她们的膳食营养状况将有助于改善其月经及骨骼健康状况。
Objective To understand the nutrition and menstrual status of adolescent girls in dance practice and to provide nutrition advice on the bone health status and prevention of osteoporosis in this population. Methods Sixty female students from 15 to 17 years of age were selected for the study. The height and weight of the girls were compared with those of ordinary middle school students of the same age. The dietary intake, menstrual status and the development of secondary sexual characteristics were surveyed by questionnaire. The instrument measures total body and forearm bone density. Results (1) The average dietary intake of dancing girls was only 7492.86 kJ / d, which was much lower than that of the control group (1029.57 kJ / d), which directly reflected the significant low body weight and low BMI (2) There was a delay of menarche in dancing girls, and the proportions of amenorrhea and irregular menstruation were also significantly higher than those in the control group. (3) The intake of dietary energy of dance girls with lower BMI was significantly lower than that of BMI The higher the number of dancing girls, while its menstrual disorders were significantly more than girls with high BMI, breast and other secondary sexual characteristics development was significantly later than the latter; (4) the menstrual disorders as a group analysis and found that these Dance girls intake of nutrients are lower than normal menstruation. Conclusion Dancing girls generally have dietary restrictions and menstrual disorders. Improving their dietary nutrition will help improve their menstrual and skeletal health status.