【摘 要】
:
Colony stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF1R) is a tyrosine kinase receptor primarily expressed on microglia and a small subpopulation of neurons in the central nervous system (CNS), which directly controls the homeostasis, activation, and proliferation of
【机 构】
:
School of Clinical Medicine,University of Cambridge,Cambridge,UK;Centre for Neuroscience,Surgery and
论文部分内容阅读
Colony stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF1R) is a tyrosine kinase receptor primarily expressed on microglia and a small subpopulation of neurons in the central nervous system (CNS), which directly controls the homeostasis, activation, and proliferation of microglia. Its ligands include CSF1 and interleukin-34 (IL-34), which bind to the same region of CSF1R. The two ligands have overlapping functions, however, they also have some differences in signal transduction and induce different transcription profiles. CSF1 and IL-34 are generally expressed by neurons in the CNS, but CSF1 is also expressed by astrocytes. The colony stimulating factors were first characterized by their ability to trigger the differentiation of bone marrow precursor cells into mature myeloid cells but were later found to also act on mature myeloid cells including microglia. In the homeostatic brain, a baseline level of CSF1 helps to maintain microglial roles of synaptic pruning, release of neurotrophic factors, and promotion of brain connectivity. However, over the past decade or so, chronic activation of microglia has been implicated in exacerbating neurodegenerative disorders, including Alzheimer\'s disease (AD), Parkinson\'s disease, multiple sclerosis (MS), and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) (Xu et al., 2021). Yet there have also been studies in contradiction, which showed that in other circumstances, activated microglia were therapeutic and might mitigate neurodegeneration. So, is CSF1 the friend or foe of neurons?
其他文献
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of death and disability worldwide, with estimates indicating that ~50% of the world\'s population will acquire a head injury at some point in their lifetime (Maas et al., 2017). Mild TBIs account for ~80%
ExtractrnThe contrary but interrelated processes of axon degeneration and regeneration are the yin and yang of many neurodegenerative conditions. Here we discuss recent evidence for metabolic cross-talk between glia and injured axons regulating these proc
Phantom limb pain is a chronic pain syndrome that is difficult to cope with. Despite neurostimulation treatment is indicated for refractory neuropathic pain, there is scant evidence from randomized controlled trials to recommend it as the treatment choice
Impairments in the central nervous system (CNS) are a prevalent cause of life-long disabilities worldwide, representing serious health, social, and economic concerns (Doblado et al., 2021). During the last decades, with the population eldering and the inc
Traumatic spinal cord injuries (SCI) are characterized by damage in the integrity of the spinal cord, which results in either temporary or permanent alterations in the locomotor, sensory and/or autonomic functions (Yezierski, 2009). The traumatic event le
The microtubule (MT)-associated protein TAU is highly abundant in the axon of human brain neurons, where it binds to and stabilizes MT filaments. Thereby, TAU regulates the dynamic (dis)assembly of MT strands and is involved in a wide range of neuronal fu
The main advantage of diffusion tensor tractography is that it allows the entire neural tract to be evaluated. In addition, configurational analysis of reconstructed neural tracts can indicate abnormalities such as tearing, narrowing, or discontinuations,
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is a fatal neurodegenerative disease characterized by progressive muscle wasting, breathing and swallowing difficulties resulting in patient\'s death in two to five years after disease onset. In amyotrophic lateral sclerosi
Introduction: Memory consolidation stabilizes newly acquired memories by integrating them into pre-existing memory networks, which is thought to occur via changes in synaptic strength. Sleep may influence memory consolidation by modifying synaptic strengt
A great challenge in neuroscience has been to understand how neurons communicate.The neuroanatomists of the 19th Century could see neurons stretching processes to contact other neurons,but could not see the detail of the contact.