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哈佛大学著名经济史学家格申克隆(1966)在观察英美等发达国家的工业化进程之后曾指出,经济愈是不发达的国家在其工业化的进程中政府的作用愈是重要。各国经济发展的历程无疑是对这一假说的最好佐证。从最初的“守夜者”到积极的调控者,政府在经济发展中的作用日益变得无以替代。经济思想的成长虽然几经政府与市场的博弈,但作为调节经济的重要手段——财政政策对经济增长的重要作用却已在经济思想中根深蒂固。
Geschenkron (1966), a famous Harvard economic historian, pointed out after observing the industrialization in the developed countries such as Britain and the United States that the more underdeveloped countries are, the more important the role of the government in their industrialization. The course of economic development in various countries is undoubtedly the best evidence of this hypothesis. From the initial “watchman” to the active regulator, the government’s role in economic development has increasingly become irreplaceable. Although the growth of economic thought has been a game between the government and the market, as an important means of regulating the economy, the important role of fiscal policy in economic growth has been deeply rooted in economic thinking.