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【宿主防御的组成】宿主防御是由复杂而又相互关连的系统构成的,见表257-1。熟悉这些系统,是诊断和处理防御机制缺陷的基础。物理障壁完整的皮肤和粘膜可以防止微生物入侵。皮肤是一种复杂器官,由几种不同类型的细胞构成,除提供物理障壁外,还能产生很多抗菌物质,如乳酸、氨、尿素、游离脂酸等。使宿主免于浅表的微生物侵袭。粘膜分泌物能围困吸入的微生物,所含可溶性因子如免疫球蛋白 A、乳铁传递蛋白、溶菌酶和α_1-抗胰蛋白酶等,都有抗菌作
Composition of Host Defense Host defense consists of complex and interdependent systems, as shown in Table 257-1. Being familiar with these systems is the foundation for diagnosing and dealing with deficiencies in defense mechanisms. Physical barriers Complete skin and mucous membranes prevent microbial intrusion. The skin is a complex organ that is made up of several different types of cells that, in addition to providing physical barriers, produces many antimicrobial substances such as lactic acid, ammonia, urea, free fatty acids and the like. Free host from microbial invaders. Mucosal secretions can trap inhaled microbes, soluble factors such as immunoglobulin A, lactoferrin, lysozyme and α_1-antitrypsin, etc., have antibacterial work