钩端螺旋体,顾名思义是一类一端钩状的螺旋形丝状微生物,因其与水有密切关系,微生物学者们称其为“水微生物”。最早发现它对人有致病作用可追溯到1907年,但这种钩端螺旋体病早在1886年就有临床记载,是由一个叫 Weil 的德国医生记述的,所以又叫“Weil 氏病”。然而从生物学上确定其分类地位的时间却较晚,是1918年以后的事。这类微生物隶属于螺旋体目,其中能使人、畜、禽致病的,有密螺旋体、包柔体和钩端螺旋体3属。如密螺旋体属既 Leptospira, as the name implies, is a class of hook-shaped, filamentous, filamentous microorganisms known to microbiologists as “water microbes” because of their close association with water. It was first discovered that it has a causative effect on humans dating back to 1907, but this leptospirosis was documented as early as 1886 and was described by a German doctor called Weil, so called “Weil’s disease” . However, the time to establish its taxonomic status later was later than 1918. Such microorganisms belonging to the spirochete, which can make people, livestock, poultry pathogenic, Treponema pallidum, soft pack and Leptospira three genera. As Treponema is both