多发性骨髓瘤(MM)是淋巴造血系统常见的恶性疾病,化疗和造血干细胞移植是目前MM的主要治疗手段,但由于MM患者多数为不能耐受强烈治疗的中老年人,化疗及造血干细胞移植耐受性差,疗效受到很大限制,最终导致耐药和复发,目前MM仍然是一种不可治愈的疾病。近年来,随着对MM细胞生物学行为、疾病发生机制的深入研究,发现MM的发生、发展与细胞凋亡和增殖,骨髓造血微环境及细胞内信号转导通路(如磷脂酰肌醇3激酶/蛋白激酶信号转导通路、热休克蛋白、蛋白酶体途径等)密切相关。针对相关效应分子的靶向治疗的应用大大提高了MM患者的治疗效果。 Multiple myeloma (MM) is a common malignant disease in lymphatic hematopoietic system. Chemotherapy and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation are the main treatment methods for MM at present. However, most MM patients are elderly, chemotherapy and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation that can not tolerate intensive treatment Tolerance is poor, efficacy is greatly limited, eventually leading to drug resistance and relapse, MM is still an incurable disease. In recent years, with the in-depth study on the biological behavior of MM cells and the pathogenesis of MM, we found that the occurrence and development of MM are associated with the apoptosis and proliferation, the hematopoietic microenvironment of the bone marrow and the intracellular signal transduction pathways (such as phosphatidylinositol 3 Kinase / protein kinase signaling pathway, heat shock protein, proteasome pathway, etc.). The use of targeted therapies directed at relevant effector molecules has greatly increased the therapeutic efficacy of MM patients.