日本发行公债最早起始于1870年,当时为修建铁路筹措资金,在伦敦发行了488万日元的公募外债。1878年,为发展交通运输,振兴产业经济,又在国内发行了创业公债,数额为1250万日元。此后,公债便持续发行,种类也逐渐增多。目前,日本发行的中长期(即偿还期在一年以上的)公债有:为经济建设筹措资金的建设公债,为解决财政困难弥补赤字而发行的特 Japanese bond issuances started as early as 1870 when funds were raised for the construction of the railway and 4.88 million yen of public foreign debt were issued in London. In 1878, in order to develop transportation and revitalize the industrial economy, venture capital bonds were issued in the country, amounting to 12.5 million yen. Since then, the public debt will be issued continuously, and the types will gradually increase. At present, the long-term (that is, the repayment period of more than one year) bonds issued by Japan are: construction bonds that raise funds for economic construction, special bonds issued to address fiscal deficits to make up for the deficit