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Objective: To evaluate the effect of tenofovir alafenamide versus tenofovir disoproxil fumarate on antiviral efficacy in patients with hepatitis B virus infection. Methods: Randomized controlled trials were searched on CNKI, Wanfang, VIP, China Biomedical Literature Database, PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, ClinicalKey, Chinese Clinical Trial Registry and ClinicalTrials.gov from the date of inception to April 2020. The literature was screened according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, and the efficacy evaluation index of the included RCT was set as the success rate of reaching the endpoint of viral suppression and achieving normalized ALT values at 48 weeks of treatment. Intentionality analysis was adopted and the analysis results were taken as the final conclusion. RevMan 5.3 software was used for this Meta-analysis. Meanwhile, VassarStats was used to evaluate the non-inferiority of TAF and calculate the difference of virus inhibition efficiency rate and 95％ confidence interval between experimental group and the control group of each RCT. Results: After the literature search, 411 potential articles were found, 5 studies were finally included according to the criteria, and 2,120 patients were included. Intentionality analysis showed that TAF regimen and TDF regimen had similar viral suppression success rates (RR = 0.97, 95％CI: 0.94 ～ 1.01, P = 0.19). The ALT normalization rate in the TAF treatment group was higher than that in the TDF treatment group, and the difference was statistically significant (RR = 1.35, 95％CI: 1.20-1.53, P < 0.00001). The non-inferiority margin was set at 10％, and it was found that three RCT studies in the international multi-center all showed that TAF was not inferior to TDF in controlling HBV viral load, while two RCT studies in mainland China failed to achieve non-inferiority after calculation. Conclusions: At 48 weeks of treatment, TAF was similar to TDF in controlling HBV viral load. However, the efficacy of TAF in controlling HBV viral load may vary among different populations, which requires further confirmation by more clinical trial evidence. Based on AASLD criteria, the ALT normalization rate of the TAF group was higher than that of the TDF group at 48 weeks of treatment, showing an obvious advantage.